PoplarV1, Main, Exploration, bibRecord, 001442

Different Routes for Conifer- and Sinapaldehyde and Higher Saccharification upon Deficiency in the Dehydrogenase CAD1.

Identifieur interne : 001442 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001441; suivant : 001443

Different Routes for Conifer- and Sinapaldehyde and Higher Saccharification upon Deficiency in the Dehydrogenase CAD1.

Auteurs : Rebecca Van Acker [Belgique] ; Annabelle Déjardin [France] ; Sandrien Desmet [Belgique] ; Lennart Hoengenaert [Belgique] ; Ruben Vanholme [Belgique] ; Kris Morreel [Belgique] ; Françoise Laurans [France] ; Hoon Kim [États-Unis] ; Nicholas Santoro [États-Unis] ; Cliff Foster [États-Unis] ; Geert Goeminne [Belgique] ; Frédéric Légée [France] ; Catherine Lapierre [France] ; Gilles Pilate [France] ; John Ralph [États-Unis] ; Wout Boerjan [Belgique]

Source :

Plant physiology [ 1532-2548 ] ; 2017.

RBID : pubmed:28878036

Descripteurs français

KwdFr :
- Acroléine (analogues et dérivés), Acroléine (composition chimique), Acroléine (métabolisme), Alcalis (pharmacologie), Alcohol oxidoreductases (métabolisme), Biomasse (MeSH), Lignine (composition chimique), Lignine (métabolisme), Modèles moléculaires (MeSH), Métabolisme glucidique (MeSH), Méthanol (composition chimique), Oxydoréduction (MeSH), Paroi cellulaire (métabolisme), Phénols (métabolisme), Phénotype (MeSH), Pigmentation (MeSH), Populus (génétique), Solubilité (MeSH), Spectrométrie de masse en tandem (MeSH), Spectroscopie par résonance magnétique (MeSH), Tracheobionta (enzymologie), Voies et réseaux métaboliques (MeSH), Végétaux génétiquement modifiés (MeSH).
MESH :
- analogues et dérivés : Acroléine.
- composition chimique : Acroléine, Lignine, Méthanol.
- enzymologie : Tracheobionta.
- génétique : Populus.
- métabolisme : Acroléine, Alcohol oxidoreductases, Lignine, Paroi cellulaire, Phénols.
- pharmacologie : Alcalis.
- Biomasse, Modèles moléculaires, Métabolisme glucidique, Oxydoréduction, Phénotype, Pigmentation, Solubilité, Spectrométrie de masse en tandem, Spectroscopie par résonance magnétique, Voies et réseaux métaboliques, Végétaux génétiquement modifiés.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Acrolein (analogs & derivatives), Acrolein (chemistry), Acrolein (metabolism), Alcohol Oxidoreductases (metabolism), Alkalies (pharmacology), Biomass (MeSH), Carbohydrate Metabolism (MeSH), Cell Wall (metabolism), Lignin (chemistry), Lignin (metabolism), Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MeSH), Metabolic Networks and Pathways (MeSH), Methanol (chemistry), Models, Molecular (MeSH), Oxidation-Reduction (MeSH), Phenols (metabolism), Phenotype (MeSH), Pigmentation (MeSH), Plants, Genetically Modified (MeSH), Populus (genetics), Solubility (MeSH), Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MeSH), Tracheophyta (enzymology).
MESH :
- chemical , analogs & derivatives : Acrolein.
- chemical , chemistry : Acrolein, Lignin, Methanol.
- chemical , metabolism : Acrolein, Alcohol Oxidoreductases, Lignin, Phenols.
- chemical , pharmacology : Alkalies.
- enzymology : Tracheophyta.
- genetics : Populus.
- metabolism : Cell Wall.
- Biomass, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, Models, Molecular, Oxidation-Reduction, Phenotype, Pigmentation, Plants, Genetically Modified, Solubility, Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Abstract

In the search for renewable energy sources, genetic engineering is a promising strategy to improve plant cell wall composition for biofuel and bioproducts generation. Lignin is a major factor determining saccharification efficiency and, therefore, is a prime target to engineer. Here, lignin content and composition were modified in poplar (Populus tremula × Populus alba) by specifically down-regulating CINNAMYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE1 (CAD1) by a hairpin-RNA-mediated silencing approach, which resulted in only 5% residual CAD1 transcript abundance. These transgenic lines showed no biomass penalty despite a 10% reduction in Klason lignin content and severe shifts in lignin composition. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and thioacidolysis revealed a strong increase (up to 20-fold) in sinapaldehyde incorporation into lignin, whereas coniferaldehyde was not increased markedly. Accordingly, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based phenolic profiling revealed a more than 24,000-fold accumulation of a newly identified compound made from 8-8 coupling of two sinapaldehyde radicals. However, no additional cinnamaldehyde coupling products could be detected in the CAD1-deficient poplars. Instead, the transgenic lines accumulated a range of hydroxycinnamate-derived metabolites, of which the most prominent accumulation (over 8,500-fold) was observed for a compound that was identified by purification and nuclear magnetic resonance as syringyl lactic acid hexoside. Our data suggest that, upon down-regulation of CAD1, coniferaldehyde is converted into ferulic acid and derivatives, whereas sinapaldehyde is either oxidatively coupled into S'(8-8)S' and lignin or converted to sinapic acid and derivatives. The most prominent sink of the increased flux to hydroxycinnamates is syringyl lactic acid hexoside. Furthermore, low-extent saccharification assays, under different pretreatment conditions, showed strongly increased glucose (up to +81%) and xylose (up to +153%) release, suggesting that down-regulating CAD1 is a promising strategy for improving lignocellulosic biomass for the sugar platform industry.

DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00834
PubMed: 28878036
PubMed Central: PMC5664467

Affiliations:

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Le document en format XML

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</placeName>
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<author><name sortKey="Santoro, Nicholas" sort="Santoro, Nicholas" uniqKey="Santoro N" first="Nicholas" last="Santoro">Nicholas Santoro</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Foster, Cliff" sort="Foster, Cliff" uniqKey="Foster C" first="Cliff" last="Foster">Cliff Foster</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Goeminne, Geert" sort="Goeminne, Geert" uniqKey="Goeminne G" first="Geert" last="Goeminne">Geert Goeminne</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Legee, Frederic" sort="Legee, Frederic" uniqKey="Legee F" first="Frédéric" last="Légée">Frédéric Légée</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Lapierre, Catherine" sort="Lapierre, Catherine" uniqKey="Lapierre C" first="Catherine" last="Lapierre">Catherine Lapierre</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Pilate, Gilles" sort="Pilate, Gilles" uniqKey="Pilate G" first="Gilles" last="Pilate">Gilles Pilate</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Ralph, John" sort="Ralph, John" uniqKey="Ralph J" first="John" last="Ralph">John Ralph</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Wisconsin</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison</wicri:cityArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Boerjan, Wout" sort="Boerjan, Wout" uniqKey="Boerjan W" first="Wout" last="Boerjan">Wout Boerjan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium wout.boerjan@ugent.vib.be.</nlm:affiliation>
<country wicri:rule="url">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Gand</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Gand</settlement>
<region>Région flamande</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>9052 Ghent</wicri:noRegion>
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<date when="2017">2017</date>
<idno type="RBID">pubmed:28878036</idno>
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<idno type="doi">10.1104/pp.17.00834</idno>
<idno type="pmc">PMC5664467</idno>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Different Routes for Conifer- and Sinapaldehyde and Higher Saccharification upon Deficiency in the Dehydrogenase CAD1.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Van Acker, Rebecca" sort="Van Acker, Rebecca" uniqKey="Van Acker R" first="Rebecca" last="Van Acker">Rebecca Van Acker</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Gand</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Gand</settlement>
<region>Région flamande</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dejardin, Annabelle" sort="Dejardin, Annabelle" uniqKey="Dejardin A" first="Annabelle" last="Déjardin">Annabelle Déjardin</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Desmet, Sandrien" sort="Desmet, Sandrien" uniqKey="Desmet S" first="Sandrien" last="Desmet">Sandrien Desmet</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Gand</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Gand</settlement>
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<region type="district" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region>
</placeName>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Hoengenaert, Lennart" sort="Hoengenaert, Lennart" uniqKey="Hoengenaert L" first="Lennart" last="Hoengenaert">Lennart Hoengenaert</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Gand</orgName>
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<author><name sortKey="Vanholme, Ruben" sort="Vanholme, Ruben" uniqKey="Vanholme R" first="Ruben" last="Vanholme">Ruben Vanholme</name>
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<region type="district" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region>
</placeName>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>9052 Ghent</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morreel, Kris" sort="Morreel, Kris" uniqKey="Morreel K" first="Kris" last="Morreel">Kris Morreel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
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<orgName type="university">Université de Gand</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Gand</settlement>
<region>Région flamande</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region>
</placeName>
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<author><name sortKey="Laurans, Francoise" sort="Laurans, Francoise" uniqKey="Laurans F" first="Françoise" last="Laurans">Françoise Laurans</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>AGPF, INRA, 45075 Orléans, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>AGPF, INRA, 45075 Orléans</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Centre-Val de Loire</region>
<region type="old region" nuts="2">Région Centre</region>
<settlement type="city">Orléans</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Hoon" sort="Kim, Hoon" uniqKey="Kim H" first="Hoon" last="Kim">Hoon Kim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison, Wisconsin 53726-4084.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Wisconsin</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726-4084.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Wisconsin</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Santoro, Nicholas" sort="Santoro, Nicholas" uniqKey="Santoro N" first="Nicholas" last="Santoro">Nicholas Santoro</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison, Wisconsin 53726-4084.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Wisconsin</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Foster, Cliff" sort="Foster, Cliff" uniqKey="Foster C" first="Cliff" last="Foster">Cliff Foster</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison, Wisconsin 53726-4084.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Wisconsin</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goeminne, Geert" sort="Goeminne, Geert" uniqKey="Goeminne G" first="Geert" last="Goeminne">Geert Goeminne</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Gand</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Gand</settlement>
<region>Région flamande</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>9052 Ghent</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Legee, Frederic" sort="Legee, Frederic" uniqKey="Legee F" first="Frédéric" last="Légée">Frédéric Légée</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>INRA/AgroParisTech, UMR1318, Saclay Plant Science, Jean-Pierre Bourgin Institute, Versailles, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>INRA/AgroParisTech, UMR1318, Saclay Plant Science, Jean-Pierre Bourgin Institute, Versailles</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Versailles</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lapierre, Catherine" sort="Lapierre, Catherine" uniqKey="Lapierre C" first="Catherine" last="Lapierre">Catherine Lapierre</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>INRA/AgroParisTech, UMR1318, Saclay Plant Science, Jean-Pierre Bourgin Institute, Versailles, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>INRA/AgroParisTech, UMR1318, Saclay Plant Science, Jean-Pierre Bourgin Institute, Versailles</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Versailles</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pilate, Gilles" sort="Pilate, Gilles" uniqKey="Pilate G" first="Gilles" last="Pilate">Gilles Pilate</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>AGPF, INRA, 45075 Orléans, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>AGPF, INRA, 45075 Orléans</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Centre-Val de Loire</region>
<region type="old region" nuts="2">Région Centre</region>
<settlement type="city">Orléans</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ralph, John" sort="Ralph, John" uniqKey="Ralph J" first="John" last="Ralph">John Ralph</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison, Wisconsin 53726-4084.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Wisconsin</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boerjan, Wout" sort="Boerjan, Wout" uniqKey="Boerjan W" first="Wout" last="Boerjan">Wout Boerjan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium wout.boerjan@ugent.vib.be.</nlm:affiliation>
<country wicri:rule="url">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Gand</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Gand</settlement>
<region>Région flamande</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>9052 Ghent</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Plant physiology</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1532-2548</idno>
<imprint><date when="2017" type="published">2017</date>
</imprint>
</series>
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<term>Acrolein (chemistry)</term>
<term>Acrolein (metabolism)</term>
<term>Alcohol Oxidoreductases (metabolism)</term>
<term>Alkalies (pharmacology)</term>
<term>Biomass (MeSH)</term>
<term>Carbohydrate Metabolism (MeSH)</term>
<term>Cell Wall (metabolism)</term>
<term>Lignin (chemistry)</term>
<term>Lignin (metabolism)</term>
<term>Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MeSH)</term>
<term>Metabolic Networks and Pathways (MeSH)</term>
<term>Methanol (chemistry)</term>
<term>Models, Molecular (MeSH)</term>
<term>Oxidation-Reduction (MeSH)</term>
<term>Phenols (metabolism)</term>
<term>Phenotype (MeSH)</term>
<term>Pigmentation (MeSH)</term>
<term>Plants, Genetically Modified (MeSH)</term>
<term>Populus (genetics)</term>
<term>Solubility (MeSH)</term>
<term>Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MeSH)</term>
<term>Tracheophyta (enzymology)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Acroléine (analogues et dérivés)</term>
<term>Acroléine (composition chimique)</term>
<term>Acroléine (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Alcalis (pharmacologie)</term>
<term>Alcohol oxidoreductases (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Biomasse (MeSH)</term>
<term>Lignine (composition chimique)</term>
<term>Lignine (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Modèles moléculaires (MeSH)</term>
<term>Métabolisme glucidique (MeSH)</term>
<term>Méthanol (composition chimique)</term>
<term>Oxydoréduction (MeSH)</term>
<term>Paroi cellulaire (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Phénols (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Phénotype (MeSH)</term>
<term>Pigmentation (MeSH)</term>
<term>Populus (génétique)</term>
<term>Solubilité (MeSH)</term>
<term>Spectrométrie de masse en tandem (MeSH)</term>
<term>Spectroscopie par résonance magnétique (MeSH)</term>
<term>Tracheobionta (enzymologie)</term>
<term>Voies et réseaux métaboliques (MeSH)</term>
<term>Végétaux génétiquement modifiés (MeSH)</term>
</keywords>
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</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Acrolein</term>
<term>Lignin</term>
<term>Methanol</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Acrolein</term>
<term>Alcohol Oxidoreductases</term>
<term>Lignin</term>
<term>Phenols</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="pharmacology" xml:lang="en"><term>Alkalies</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="analogues et dérivés" xml:lang="fr"><term>Acroléine</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="composition chimique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Acroléine</term>
<term>Lignine</term>
<term>Méthanol</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="enzymologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Tracheobionta</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="enzymology" xml:lang="en"><term>Tracheophyta</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Populus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Populus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Cell Wall</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr"><term>Acroléine</term>
<term>Alcohol oxidoreductases</term>
<term>Lignine</term>
<term>Paroi cellulaire</term>
<term>Phénols</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pharmacologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Alcalis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Biomass</term>
<term>Carbohydrate Metabolism</term>
<term>Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy</term>
<term>Metabolic Networks and Pathways</term>
<term>Models, Molecular</term>
<term>Oxidation-Reduction</term>
<term>Phenotype</term>
<term>Pigmentation</term>
<term>Plants, Genetically Modified</term>
<term>Solubility</term>
<term>Tandem Mass Spectrometry</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Biomasse</term>
<term>Modèles moléculaires</term>
<term>Métabolisme glucidique</term>
<term>Oxydoréduction</term>
<term>Phénotype</term>
<term>Pigmentation</term>
<term>Solubilité</term>
<term>Spectrométrie de masse en tandem</term>
<term>Spectroscopie par résonance magnétique</term>
<term>Voies et réseaux métaboliques</term>
<term>Végétaux génétiquement modifiés</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">In the search for renewable energy sources, genetic engineering is a promising strategy to improve plant cell wall composition for biofuel and bioproducts generation. Lignin is a major factor determining saccharification efficiency and, therefore, is a prime target to engineer. Here, lignin content and composition were modified in poplar (<i>Populus tremula</i>
 × <i>Populus alba</i>
) by specifically down-regulating <i>CINNAMYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE1</i>
 (<i>CAD1</i>
) by a hairpin-RNA-mediated silencing approach, which resulted in only 5% residual <i>CAD1</i>
 transcript abundance. These transgenic lines showed no biomass penalty despite a 10% reduction in Klason lignin content and severe shifts in lignin composition. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and thioacidolysis revealed a strong increase (up to 20-fold) in sinapaldehyde incorporation into lignin, whereas coniferaldehyde was not increased markedly. Accordingly, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based phenolic profiling revealed a more than 24,000-fold accumulation of a newly identified compound made from 8-8 coupling of two sinapaldehyde radicals. However, no additional cinnamaldehyde coupling products could be detected in the CAD1-deficient poplars. Instead, the transgenic lines accumulated a range of hydroxycinnamate-derived metabolites, of which the most prominent accumulation (over 8,500-fold) was observed for a compound that was identified by purification and nuclear magnetic resonance as syringyl lactic acid hexoside. Our data suggest that, upon down-regulation of <i>CAD1</i>
, coniferaldehyde is converted into ferulic acid and derivatives, whereas sinapaldehyde is either oxidatively coupled into S'(8-8)S' and lignin or converted to sinapic acid and derivatives. The most prominent sink of the increased flux to hydroxycinnamates is syringyl lactic acid hexoside. Furthermore, low-extent saccharification assays, under different pretreatment conditions, showed strongly increased glucose (up to +81%) and xylose (up to +153%) release, suggesting that down-regulating <i>CAD1</i>
 is a promising strategy for improving lignocellulosic biomass for the sugar platform industry.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">28878036</PMID>
<DateCompleted><Year>2018</Year>
<Month>07</Month>
<Day>03</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised><Year>2019</Year>
<Month>12</Month>
<Day>10</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1532-2548</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>175</Volume>
<Issue>3</Issue>
<PubDate><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>Nov</Month>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>Plant physiology</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Plant Physiol</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Different Routes for Conifer- and Sinapaldehyde and Higher Saccharification upon Deficiency in the Dehydrogenase CAD1.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination><MedlinePgn>1018-1039</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1104/pp.17.00834</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText>In the search for renewable energy sources, genetic engineering is a promising strategy to improve plant cell wall composition for biofuel and bioproducts generation. Lignin is a major factor determining saccharification efficiency and, therefore, is a prime target to engineer. Here, lignin content and composition were modified in poplar (<i>Populus tremula</i>
 × <i>Populus alba</i>
) by specifically down-regulating <i>CINNAMYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE1</i>
 (<i>CAD1</i>
) by a hairpin-RNA-mediated silencing approach, which resulted in only 5% residual <i>CAD1</i>
 transcript abundance. These transgenic lines showed no biomass penalty despite a 10% reduction in Klason lignin content and severe shifts in lignin composition. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and thioacidolysis revealed a strong increase (up to 20-fold) in sinapaldehyde incorporation into lignin, whereas coniferaldehyde was not increased markedly. Accordingly, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based phenolic profiling revealed a more than 24,000-fold accumulation of a newly identified compound made from 8-8 coupling of two sinapaldehyde radicals. However, no additional cinnamaldehyde coupling products could be detected in the CAD1-deficient poplars. Instead, the transgenic lines accumulated a range of hydroxycinnamate-derived metabolites, of which the most prominent accumulation (over 8,500-fold) was observed for a compound that was identified by purification and nuclear magnetic resonance as syringyl lactic acid hexoside. Our data suggest that, upon down-regulation of <i>CAD1</i>
, coniferaldehyde is converted into ferulic acid and derivatives, whereas sinapaldehyde is either oxidatively coupled into S'(8-8)S' and lignin or converted to sinapic acid and derivatives. The most prominent sink of the increased flux to hydroxycinnamates is syringyl lactic acid hexoside. Furthermore, low-extent saccharification assays, under different pretreatment conditions, showed strongly increased glucose (up to +81%) and xylose (up to +153%) release, suggesting that down-regulating <i>CAD1</i>
 is a promising strategy for improving lignocellulosic biomass for the sugar platform industry.</AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>© 2017 American Society of Plant Biologists. All Rights Reserved.</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Van Acker</LastName>
<ForeName>Rebecca</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0092-1155</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Déjardin</LastName>
<ForeName>Annabelle</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7576-5476</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>AGPF, INRA, 45075 Orléans, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Desmet</LastName>
<ForeName>Sandrien</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0957-708X</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hoengenaert</LastName>
<ForeName>Lennart</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7101-734X</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vanholme</LastName>
<ForeName>Ruben</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5848-3138</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Morreel</LastName>
<ForeName>Kris</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3121-9705</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Laurans</LastName>
<ForeName>Françoise</ForeName>
<Initials>F</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>AGPF, INRA, 45075 Orléans, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kim</LastName>
<ForeName>Hoon</ForeName>
<Initials>H</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7425-7464</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison, Wisconsin 53726-4084.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726-4084.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Santoro</LastName>
<ForeName>Nicholas</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5428-2160</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison, Wisconsin 53726-4084.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Foster</LastName>
<ForeName>Cliff</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison, Wisconsin 53726-4084.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Goeminne</LastName>
<ForeName>Geert</ForeName>
<Initials>G</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0337-2999</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Légée</LastName>
<ForeName>Frédéric</ForeName>
<Initials>F</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>INRA/AgroParisTech, UMR1318, Saclay Plant Science, Jean-Pierre Bourgin Institute, Versailles, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lapierre</LastName>
<ForeName>Catherine</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6757-1524</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>INRA/AgroParisTech, UMR1318, Saclay Plant Science, Jean-Pierre Bourgin Institute, Versailles, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pilate</LastName>
<ForeName>Gilles</ForeName>
<Initials>G</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4802-8849</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>AGPF, INRA, 45075 Orléans, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ralph</LastName>
<ForeName>John</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6093-4521</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison, Wisconsin 53726-4084.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Boerjan</LastName>
<ForeName>Wout</ForeName>
<Initials>W</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1495-510X</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium wout.boerjan@ugent.vib.be.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
<ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>09</Month>
<Day>06</Day>
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</Reference>
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<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22864199</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
</ReferenceList>
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<li>Province de Flandre-Orientale</li>
<li>Région Centre</li>
<li>Région flamande</li>
<li>Wisconsin</li>
<li>Île-de-France</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Gand</li>
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<orgName><li>Université de Gand</li>
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<tree><country name="Belgique"><region name="Région flamande"><name sortKey="Van Acker, Rebecca" sort="Van Acker, Rebecca" uniqKey="Van Acker R" first="Rebecca" last="Van Acker">Rebecca Van Acker</name>
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<name sortKey="Hoengenaert, Lennart" sort="Hoengenaert, Lennart" uniqKey="Hoengenaert L" first="Lennart" last="Hoengenaert">Lennart Hoengenaert</name>
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<name sortKey="Morreel, Kris" sort="Morreel, Kris" uniqKey="Morreel K" first="Kris" last="Morreel">Kris Morreel</name>
<name sortKey="Morreel, Kris" sort="Morreel, Kris" uniqKey="Morreel K" first="Kris" last="Morreel">Kris Morreel</name>
<name sortKey="Van Acker, Rebecca" sort="Van Acker, Rebecca" uniqKey="Van Acker R" first="Rebecca" last="Van Acker">Rebecca Van Acker</name>
<name sortKey="Vanholme, Ruben" sort="Vanholme, Ruben" uniqKey="Vanholme R" first="Ruben" last="Vanholme">Ruben Vanholme</name>
<name sortKey="Vanholme, Ruben" sort="Vanholme, Ruben" uniqKey="Vanholme R" first="Ruben" last="Vanholme">Ruben Vanholme</name>
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<country name="France"><region name="Centre-Val de Loire"><name sortKey="Dejardin, Annabelle" sort="Dejardin, Annabelle" uniqKey="Dejardin A" first="Annabelle" last="Déjardin">Annabelle Déjardin</name>
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<name sortKey="Laurans, Francoise" sort="Laurans, Francoise" uniqKey="Laurans F" first="Françoise" last="Laurans">Françoise Laurans</name>
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Different Routes for Conifer- and Sinapaldehyde and Higher Saccharification upon Deficiency in the Dehydrogenase CAD1.

Different Routes for Conifer- and Sinapaldehyde and Higher Saccharification upon Deficiency in the Dehydrogenase CAD1.

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